Questions On The Challenge Of Science Essay - 1561 Words

Assignment 1 – The Challenge of Science PART A: To some, science brings the fear of the unknown and in others it invokes an interesting and exciting discovery. Children are scientists in themselves; always seeking and exploring the world. As science has a well-established place in the world, when introduced in the classroom, it encourages students to discover and understand more about the world around us. There are several teaching strategies that can be presented in the classroom which provide the best learning for students. Children who sit passively in the classroom are not scientifically literate and would benefit more when opportunities allow individuals to engage in realistic scientific activities and experiments. This approach to teaching and learning science are known as inquiry-based science. As the Fraser-Abder (2011) states that in an inquiry-based learning environment, the teacher becomes the facilitator. In the classroom, students become teachers of their own learning; actively developing their understanding of science through questioning, making predictions and investigating the unknown (Fraser-Abder, 2011). This strategy allows children to be at the forefront of learning and begin to develop the same skills, knowledge and processes that scientists use. A science lesson should develop a child’s scientific knowledge but also apply opportunities for learning to be i ntegrated into mathematics and language. Additionally, questioning is another strategy whichShow MoreRelated Edgar Allen Poe Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar fits into a gothic romance style that was prevalent at the time of his writing. Science at the time was making leaps and bounds and often scientists were immoral and hypocritical. This is reflected in Edgar’s sonnet to science were science has been destroying all that Edgar finds wonderful in the world. Edgar has a tough life with many losses which is also reflected in his writing and the sonnet to science. To understand Edgar and his writing you have to know his history and the history of hisRead MoreHow Inquiry Is The Process That Governs How Students Learn Within The Contents Of Science Education?784 Words   |  4 PagesInquiry is the process that governs how students learn within the contents of science education. The textbook defined inquiry as the process that students should use to learn science (Martin, Sexton, Franklin, Gerlovich, McElory 2009). They should be able to ask questions, use their questions to plan and conduct a scientific investigation, use appropriate science tools and scientific techniques, evaluate evidence and use it logically to construct several alternative explanations, and communicateRead MoreAn Interview On Urban Education992 Words   |  4 Pageswho is an urban science teacher. All of our questions were linked to the experience of being a teacher at an urban school and all of the challenges faced. One of the questions we asked her was, â€Å"What advice would you give to future science teachers?†. Another question we asked her and also my favorite was, â€Å"Why didn’t you choose to go into the medicine field?†. The struggle I have with picking my major is I am not sure if I want to major in medicine or in education to become a science teacher. ConductingRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives936 Words   |  4 Pagesthis era, the applications of science have become ubiqui tous to our lives. Whether in cell phones, cancer screening, or hybrid cars, we tend to overlook the underlying trials, perspirations, and excitement of discovery that led to these indispensable inventions. I have had an avid interest in science for as long I can remember. I have always been interested in why things work, how they work, and how innovations can further be improved and made more efficient. I love science because it has to power toRead MoreFrankenstein Blade Runner1395 Words   |  6 PagesFrankenstein Blade Runner Essay Analyse how ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Blade Runner’ Imaginatively portray individuals who challenge the established values of the time. In your response, refer to both excerpts below. i) ‘Slave, I before reasoned with you, but you have proved yourself unworthy of my condescension. Remember that I have powers, you believe yourself miserable, but I can make you so wretched that the light of day will be hateful to you. You are my creator, but I am your master;-obeyRead MoreBuild A Boat Challenge : A Lesson Plan From Two Different Theories1144 Words   |  5 PagesBuild a Boat Challenge: A Lesson Plan From Two Different Learning Theories Introduction This paper will investigate how the lesson: â€Å"Build a Boat Challenge†, would be taught from the view of Bruner and Vygotsky using their instructional â€Å"interactional† theories of learning. This paper will also show how the same lesson would be approached using Gagne’s model of instruction. Audience and Context This lesson is intended for 6th grade science students within the first week school, and is their firstRead MoreLandy Razafindrabe. Review Of Brand James, Beginnings.1328 Words   |  6 PagesLandy Razafindrabe Review of Brand James, Beginnings In this book, Brand and James fully explored the two realms of science and faith. Through their exploration of science and faith, they revealed feasible connections with what is stated in the Bible followed by scientific evidence that illustrates issues concerning the origin of the Earth’s history, creation and evolution, as well as fossils. As both Brand and James explore these three specific areas, they provide an honest judgment of what scientificRead MorePlato and Platipus1186 Words   |  5 Pagesunderestimate the power of philosophy. It is a social science that has lost influence in the 21st Century because many do not understand how this science can help humans achieve true happiness. Though philosophy is a heavy subject, it is the science with the most results regarding human nature and knowledge. Philosophy offers guidance to understand human behavior as well as to question our presence and our real role in society. It is one of the leading social sciences because m any world leaders have tried toRead MoreEssay on APES Ch 1 Study Guide1271 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Environmental Science Sustainability Reading Questions 1A Opening Story: The Mysterious Neuse River Fish Kill Environmental science offers important insights into our world and how we influence it. Humans alter natural systems. Environmental scientists monitor natural systems for signs of stress. 1. What happened in the Neuse River, and how did it affect the local population economy? 2. What is the importance of studying systems in environmental science? Why can’t we just studyRead MoreComparison Of Kuhn And Popper s Understanding Of Science1262 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of science with Popper’s understanding of science. These two methods are narrower when it comes to levels of scrutiny. They are also more open and willing to embrace change because they seek to change the status quo which is traditional science. Both scientists agree that the traditional method of science is too broad and ignores many different variables that could change the outcome of the results. They also concur on the idea that a subjective approach to science and reason is more

American Public Education Essays - 1553 Words

Maddie Mellor College Writing 24-102 Dr. Boggs American Public Education Today, education enables us to enlarge our knowledge and open doors for opportunities to the path of having a good future. In the five readings, each written by a different author, there was a lesson learned and something to take away from each one. Reading through the passages by Mann, Moore, Malcolm X, Gatto, Rose, and Anyon, each author contributed his or her point of view on general public education. This topic can be very argumentative depending on the quality of education people receive. Education today is the single most important mean for individuals to achieve their personal goals in the workforce. In Horace Mann’s â€Å"Report of the Massachusetts Board of†¦show more content†¦However, there are things one can learn on their own just by going out into the real world. John Taylor Gatto wrote about the topic of boredom in his story â€Å"Against School.† He was an award-winning educator, so most believed his statements about e ducation to be true because he was such a credible source. Gatto discusses his belief of having children learn more of what they will need to live on their own in the real world. He wants students to take their education with them out into the world instead of learning pointless material in public school that will never be applied to the real world. Gatto references this to boredom and uses it as an example of why some children do not enjoy school. Material that is required to be taught bores students easily, and does not expand their minds to subjects they are interested in. He asks, â€Å"Do we really need school? I don’t mean education, just forced schooling: six classes a day, five days a week, nine months a year, for twelve years† (Gatto, page 148-149). Students are trained to become addicts of everyday school and it strips them of responsibility and independence. Eventually, once we can understand the tricks and traps of public schooling, we can avoid them. In â €Å"I Just Wanna Be Average,† Mike Rose goes back to his years in school, in which he also referred to them as bottom level classes. Throughout his schooling, he was placed in low-ranking classes byShow MoreRelatedThe History of American Public Education Essay examples2412 Words   |  10 PagesAfter the American Revolutionary war, the people of the United States were responsible for determining the best course of action within the new republic. The Articles of Confederation were replaced by the new Constitution, which provided a general set of principles the government was to be guided by. This new system was a new and improved integration of historical warnings, hoping to prevent tyranny by individual or the masses and injustice. However, it quickly became apparent that a certain educationRead MoreThe American Public Education System913 Words   |  4 PagesIn American two out of three eighth-graders can’t read proficiently and for African American and Hispanic stu dents across the country dropout rates are close to 40 percent and those were just two of the many ways the American Education System has failed its members. Education in the United States is provided by public schools and private schools. Public education is universally required at the kindergarten through twelfth grade level. Budgets and policies are set through locally elected school boardsRead MoreAmerican Public Education Essay676 Words   |  3 Pages Public schools in America were regarded as the best public schools in the world up to the 1970s. Today, compared to the development of Asian and European schools, American schools are ranked as some of the lowest schools. Some students are graduating from high school with little or more knowledge about the core classes. For instance, I started school in the US at age twelve, eighth grade, and was placed in college prep classes, even though English was my second language. Fortunately, I had theRead MoreThe Story Of American Public Education780 Words   |  4 PagesKerrigan Cesar School: The Story of American Public Education 1 During early schooling the religion was taught in the teachings, there was a certain level of fear was instilled in all children that if they disobeyed to follow authority they would fail (Joel Spring). Now a days public school and religion are usually separate but disobeying authority and not being a good student gives students a fear of failing out of school or not being good enough for colleges to notice. The video also said thatRead MoreThe American Public Education System Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThink Outside The Box Tired of the same old routine? Too much pressure is being put on high school students; some students do not even know how to cope with it. The way that the American public education system has planned to make these individuals succeed is really not how it should be. Students are being taught information that will not be as useful once they become adults. Students should be able to receive the knowledge they need in order to succeed in life. Students need an opportunity to beRead MoreThe American Public Education System2331 Words   |  10 Pagesproblems in the American public education system today. Some of those include the quality of teachers, who have no real passion for the job, and are only allowed to remain in the position because of tenure privileges. Another issue is the state budgets that are allowed for public schools, with some states investing billions of dollars, and others prioritizing it lower on the list. In hot debate today is standardized testing, and the negat ive effect that it has on high school education, with the limitsRead More American Public Education Essay1785 Words   |  8 Pages The American public educational system is filled with an assortment of problems. Most students are graduating with less knowledge and capability than similar students in other industrialized countries. Classroom disruptions are surprisingly common, and in some classrooms, nearly continuous. The public education system is having difficulty adjusting to the no child left behind act. The No Child Left Behind(NCLB) is a landmark in education reform designed to improve student achievement and changeRead MoreUnderstanding the purpose of american public education Essay1062 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding the Purpose of American Public Education American public education has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past several hundred years. This transformation not only includes technology and appearance, but diversity and policies as well. However, an age-old question is still being pondered today. What is the purpose of American public education? Although you may have your own answer for this question; not everyone may agree with you. This is where the problem resides. How canRead MoreCareer Education in American Public Schools Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesProblem Statement How should the United States government revitalize career and technical education (CTE) to meet 21st century needs, including collaboration and partnership between K-12 public education and the workforce? Background The need for a national career education program is driven by a few principles. Firstly, CTE can help to keep students in school. In 2011, seven percent of American students dropped out of high school (â€Å"Dropout rates†, n.d.). CTE programs help to keep students inRead More American Public Education - Obsessed with Being Average Essay625 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Public Education - Obsessed with Being Average A countrys educational system is typically influenced by a variety of factors. Racial and ethnic attitudes, for example, can play an important role in policy formation and school administration. Language is a significant factor as well. Political and religious ideologies also are potent influences on the educational system. An average student’s registration into the educational system may be affected by such factors. What is the definition

Appropriation of Images in Art Essay - 717 Words

The appropriation of images in art is a phenomenon new to the twentieth century. Found objects, contemporary images, and images from the past are all appropriated by artists and used in their work. Three twentieth century artists, Marcel Duchamp, Andy Warhol and Robert Rauschenburg are all very influential and appropriators. Although these artists appropriated many different images for many different reasons there is one image that they all have in common, the Mona Lisa. Each of these artists appropriated and used this image in different ways. First, what exactly is appropriation in art? Art History, by Marilyn Stokstad states quite simply that appropriation is the representation of a preexisting image as ones own (1155). Marcel†¦show more content†¦Why couldnt he recreate the portrait tradition with images of the contemporary world? Warhol appropriated photographic images of celebrities (he paralleled contemporary photographic portraits with those of traditional European portraiture past) and silk-screened them numerous times to further push the idea of the photograph. During this time Warhol produced a series of silk screens using the image of the Mona Lisa. Perhaps he did this to further his feelings for recreating the portraiture tradition. He used the Mona Lisa because it is the most famous portrait in this tradition and this parallels his use of the most famous celebrities of the sixties. Robert Rauschenburg is another famous twentieth century artist and appropriator. He began appropriating the paintings of the old masters in the mid eighties. He was influenced by the works of DaVinci, David and Botticelli. These works were Japanese Recreational Clay works. This series of works using the imagery of Old Masters including the Mona Lisa were more of an exploration of materials than anything else. The materials being explored were glazes that developed with the help of some chemists. These images were not the beginning of Rauschenbergs appropriation. He began appropriating early in his career with the assemblage movement. He used found objects of all kinds and incorporated them into two dimensional works creating a kind of 2-D, 3-D work, tires were also used often. These are not the only artists toShow MoreRelatedFinding Identity and Appropriation Art Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesdescriptions for the phenomenon known as â€Å"appropriation†, the action of taking or making use of something without authority or legal right. This practice often involves borrowing, mimicking, or even stealing, and it is highly contested and criticized in the contemporary art world’ (Gorman, C 2013, p. 215). Appropriation in the postmodern decade brings various aspects such as cultural exchange and finding identity. From the number of contemporary artists used the appropriation in their artwork covers a wideRead MoreThe Debate Over Unauthorized Use Of A Persons Art Work1599 Words   |  7 PagesIn contemporary photography a major issue has been debate over unauthorized use of a person’s art work to create something new. Appropriation is the most frequently used word whenever a body of work comes into question. Exploring deeper into this phra se used to justifying stealing, may sound simple on the surface, but appropriation has been a hot topic for many legal battles that can favor either side. Photographers and other artist are constantly in and out of court, fighting that their works isRead MoreGender Essay in Art.1537 Words   |  7 Pages20th century saw the manifestation of the Post-Modernism, in which the use of appropriation and re-contextualisation was developed to test previous conventional depictions of gender in the visual arts. Artists Yasumasa Morimura, Julie Rrap, Anne Zahalka and Cindy Sherman have each employed the use of appropriation to question the historical ideologies of gender, particularly in relation to women, and their role in art and society. They all borrowed past paintings and promoted them with new contextRead MoreWhy Is It Important That We Distinguish Between Appropriation And Copying Or Visual Plagiarism?1119 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe in your own words what appropriation is and what role and implications it has in the making of contemporary art. Appropriation is where you use reference to an artist’s work, within your own. This is the use of borrowed elements as a reproduction of someone’s ideas, thoughts and subject matter. It is a direct and intentional decision to re-contextualise and ‘appropriate’ the artwork creating a new and unique work. It must be clear that this artworks ideas have been sought from a previousRead MoreHow Do the Works of Yasumasa Morimura, Julie Rrap and Anne Zahalka Challenge Conventional Ways in Which Gender Has Been Depicted Historically in the Visual Arts?1537 Words   |  7 PagesStructured Essay Examine selected artworks by: Yasumasa Morimura, Julie Rrap and Anne Zahalka. How do the works of Yasumasa Morimura, Julie Rrap and Anne Zahalka challenge conventional ways in which gender has been depicted historically in the visual arts? In your response select at least two different artists and discuss the following: * Through the postmodern frame of reference, explain how artists have appropriated historical artworks. How has the artist incorporated parody and wit intoRead MoreEffects Of Cultural Appropriation On The Fashion Industry1316 Words   |  6 PagesJulia Raffa English 1110.01 David Winter 23 October 2015 The Effects of Cultural Appropriation in the Fashion Industry The fashion industry is one of the most prevalent and visible forms of influence on today’s society. Billboards, malls, magazines, TV, movies, advertisements, runways, etc. are filled with fashion campaigns usually distributed to make a statement and to influence the consumers. Often times, the fashion industry engages in offensive promotions like romanticizing eating less andRead MoreAnalysis Of Lawrence Lessig s Remix : Making Art And Commerce Thrive1448 Words   |  6 Pagesdominant creative strategy in contemporary art and design, particularly fortified by Postmodernity. Martino Gamper, sister duo Soda_Jerk and Glenn Brown are significant artists in this ‘remix culture’ that redefine the way the world is perceived through the reproduction and recyclability of their works and the works of others. Remix culture, or ‘read-write culture’ , lets people generate â€Å"art as readily as they consume it† . In Lawrence Lessig’s book Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid EconomyRead MoreThe Public Life of Monuments1300 Words   |  6 Pagescommemoration over time, relationship between Romans and their monuments. Explore the effects of monuments on public memory and visitor perception. Explore how a collection was â€Å"lived and experienced† †¢ Main Questions: â€Å"How did the collection of images and inscriptions shape public memory (and forgetting)? How did visitors perceive it? How did they appropriate it, and to what historical conclusions, what understanding of the Roman empire, might its viewers have been moved?† â€Å"The Summi Viri as aRead More`` Swallow Me Whole, And Whether Or Not The Concepts Of Genius1143 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper I will be summarizing the graphic novel, Swallow Me Whole, and whether or not the concepts of James O. Young’s cultural appropriation and Linda Nochlin’s concept of genius are present in it. Nate Powell’s graphic novel, Swallow Me Whole, Powell depicts, the life of a young girl named Ruth and her step brother Perry. Their grandmother ever since they were kids has been sick and had various medical complications. It seems as though the two kids had suffered from depression ever sinceRead MoreCultural Appropriation And Its Effect On Society1495 Words   |  6 PagesIn the simplest of terms, cultural appropriation is loosely defined as an act that occurs when someone of a dominant culture adopts or utilizes certain aspects of a culture that is not their own. However, appropriation goes far beyond that, and can be especially harmfu l to the marginalized groups that are having their culture appropriated by dominant groups. A deeper look focuses on the power dynamic that exists within and constitutes appropriation. In other words, when members of a dominant group

Legal Law Reform and Web Quest Essay Example For Students

Legal Law Reform and Web Quest Essay Legal Studies Assessment Task 1: LAW REFORM AND WEB QUEST 1. Law reform is the changes that happen in law. Law can be reformed in 3 different aspects these are social values, concepts of justice and new technology introduced. As society changes , the need for a law reform is high, this is because that with a change in society new laws are needed to put into place to overcome the change. Justice is the quality of being fair and reasonable, in this case as society changes the aspects of justice is changing. Capital punishment is seen as a very unjust custom of punishment. Technology advancement has led to major law reform , this is because as new technology is introduced in australia society laws must be made to deal with them. An example of this is the development of more highly modernised equipment used in forensic science, such as the use of DNA, the new laws introduced or reformed try to balance the right of the use of the technology but also protecting the rights of the accused. Another example is computer related crimes such as hacking and intentional installation of viruses onto other computers. 2. ) The LRC is lead by a chairperson, The Hon James Wood AO QC, and there is only one full-time commissioner and also many part-time commissioner. There is an executive his job is to administer the day to day work of the Commision. The LRC are currently working on projects such as Security for costs and associated costs orders, Family violence, Penalty notice offences and complicity in criminal cases. b) The Australia Law Reform Commission was establis hed in 1975, it is an organization that operates under the Australia Law Reform Commission Act 1996 (Cth). Its aim is to simplify and modernise the law which makes it easily accessible for people and also to improves access to justice. They ensure that when they reform laws that they are necessary for other people and that it does not defect community or society. The ALRC is one of the most efficient and positive firms for legal reform in Australia this is because over 85% of reports from the ALRC have been implemented. The Australia Law Reform Commission is not under direct control from the government but it gets its finance through the federal parliament. )Red cross is a NGO that benefits and supports people in need, it may be in the help of services, health, financial problems , poverty, natural disasters ,youth and education. The redcross are there to help people. As an NGO they arent not supported financially by the government but steadily rely on the donations and supports of there 100million+ volunteers they do this by holding progams that people can participate and contribute. The y are apart of the words largest humanitarian organisation they are supported in more than 186 countries. The international Red Cross was established in 1863 at Geneva it was established to protect peoples lives and dignity of the victims of those who have been faced with violence and provide assistance amongst them. There role in society today is to help people in several different ways by providing development progams, they support families who have been seperated by war and assist them with migration support programs. They are a very helpful NGO who are very kind and friendly to people. d)i. Natalie Bassingthwaighte fights gay prejudice. February 03 2010 , www. dailytelegraph. com. au he article is about celebrating 85 years since the federal law reforms that gave same sex couples equal rights such as insurance and supperannuation. ii. Port Arthur laws protect us April 18 2007 , www. dailytelegraph. com. au the article is about the reform in gun laws following the Port Arthur massacre, this had led Australia and America separated because of the US-style gun culture life. This is becau se the American way of life is that you are able to have a gun at the age of 12, this separated us with them due to the fact that our laws are not corresponding to theres. ii. Police cannot defend our streets against crime September 10 2008 , www. dailytelegraph. com. au the article is stating that police arent doing enough to get criminals caught, the rate at which criminals are being caught have been lowered. 3)a)Legislature is the appropriate name given to the houses of parliament in Australia. The legislature is important in the law reform because they are the power that makes or enacts law, meaning this body of government are made specifically for laws. They have a key role in making statue law ( law made n parliament) , the bill is the law that has not yet been confirmed and is a draft, it must go through a process in parliament which enables it to become a law. Executive is a sector in the government that puts the laws made able to operate. The Executive contribute to the law reform because they put a lot of research and effort into the change of law. They are involved in writing the submitted law, they present this to cabinet which they decide if they should take this proposed law into parliament as a bill. .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .postImageUrl , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:hover , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:visited , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:active { border:0!important; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:active , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Consider the treatment in any one text of spiritua EssayJudiciary are authorities that decide whether a law has been broken based upon evidence presented in courts. The judiciary have two roles in the making of a law , they can either make a new law or interprate legislation, a judges role in court is to interpret law in court and decide where the law relates to the particular case. They can also make law in court which is called common law, if there are no laws or any precedent set by a case, judges can use the common law principles to find a solution. International law impacts Australian law because a lot of other countries reflect on international law, this is because they can closely relate to other countries. 3)b)The UN is an international organisation that brings all nations of the world together to work for peace and development. There are 192 members of the UN, they meet together which is known as the General Assembly. Its HQ is located in New York City but the land and buildings that they operate in are own to the UN not America. They aim to develop good relationships with fellow countries and help any nation that is in need. There limitation to law reforms lies within the fact that they are a world organisation but they cannot change the laws of a certain country but make suggestions. 3)c)The European union was established for many different reasons these are peace and stability, bringing europe together, safety and security, economic and social solidarity, identity and diversity in the world and values. There are many aims in which the union provide help and support to fellow Europeans , they try and promote balanced economic and social growth and make sure people can live in a safe and danger free environment. The EU works in a different way compared to other legal structures, the EU treaties are the foundations of the secondary legislation. It involves more than 27 countries all working together to make Europe a better place. Flow Diagram 2A Starting the law reform process-The attorney general writes to the commision asking that there is a need to reform of the law on a certain subject, this is called the Terms of Reference Working out the issues and problems and involving the community-A research and publication plan is done. Consultation papers-The commission prepares one or more consultation paper about the suggestions of the reform this is when the public is able to write submissions to the Commission Getting input and ideas from the community-The commission reviews all the submissions from the community and analyses them Reporting recommendations-The commission releases a report that has the Commission thoughts about the suggestions for the reform. The Atorney General reports it in parliament.

The NGOs Ethical and Unethical Policies

Check The Reliability And Validity Management Essay Essays

Check The Reliability And Validity Management Essay Essays Check The Reliability And Validity Management Essay Essay Check The Reliability And Validity Management Essay Essay An empirical attack with a questionnaire study method was used in this research. This chapter describes the instruments used in this survey, the informations aggregation processs, the population and sample, and the information analysis techniques used to reply the survey s research inquiries. Instrument This survey used a quantitative research design with a self-report questionnaire to analyze the impact of larning organisation patterns on SMEs organisational committedness and effectivity. The study used three bing instruments based on theoretical and empirical foundations ( e.g. , Wang, 2005 ) : learning organisation patterns ( Marsick A ; Watkins, 2003 ) , organisational committedness ( Mowday et al. , 1979 ) , and organisational effectivity ( Taylor A ; Bower, 1972 ) . The three instruments were refined and integrated into one questionnaire, and the contents of the three instruments were modified. Description of the Instruments It was necessary to find if the instrument had equal psychometric belongingss and incontrovertible concept cogency ( Yang, Watkins, A ; Marsick, 2004 ) . Based on Yang ( 2003 ) and Yang, Watkins, and Marsick ( 2004 ) , this survey used collateral factor analysis ( CFA ) to measure the concept cogency for each of the DLOQ, OCQ, and SOO ( Yang, 2003 ) in the Faisalabad SME context. The cogency and dependability of the DLOQ has been confirmed by many empirical surveies ( Ellinger et al. , 2002 ; Marsick A ; Watkins, 2003 ; Wang, 2005 ; Watkins A ; Marsick, 2003 ; Yang, 2003 ; Yang, Watkins, A ; Marsick, 2004 ) . Ellinger et Al. ( 2002 ) assessed the concept proof of DLOQ from collateral factor analysis and confirmed that larning organisation civilization is a multidimensional concept, and the seven-dimension construction supports a strong linkage between larning organisation civilization and organisational public presentation. Learning Organization Practices The Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire ( DLOQ ) ( Marsick A ; Watkins, 1999, 2003 ; Watkins A ; Marsick, 1993, 1996, 1997 ) was selected to measure the grade of larning organisation patterns. Marsick and Watkins ( 2003 ) developed a seven-dimension questionnaire to show the value of an organisation s acquisition patterns. The questionnaire used a six-point Likert-type graduated table and included 43 points covering single, squad or group, and organisational degrees in the seven dimensions: ( 1 ) create uninterrupted larning chances, 7 points ; ( 2 ) promote enquiry and duologue, 6 points ; ( 3 ) encourage coaction and squad acquisition, 6 points ; ( 4 ) create systems to gaining control and portion acquisition, 6 points ; ( 5 ) empower people toward a corporate vision, 6 points ; ( 6 ) connect the endeavor to incubator environment, 6 points ; and ( 7 ) provide strategic leading for acquisition, 6 points ( Marsick A ; Watkins, 2003 ; Watkins A ; Marsick, 1997 ) . Th e six-point response graduated table determined the grade to which each point is or is non true of the organisation, runing from Almost Never ( 1 ) to Almost Always ( 6 ) ( Marsick A ; Watkins, 2003 ) . The public-service corporation of the DLOQ has been verified in several recent empirical surveies conducted in English contexts ( e.g. , Ellinger, Ellinger, Yang, A ; Howton, 2002 ; Marsick A ; Watkins, 2003 ; Watkins A ; Marsick, 2003 ; Yang, Watkins, A ; Marsick, 2004 ) , Chinese contexts ( e.g. , Lien, Hung, Yang, A ; Li, 2006 ; Lin, 2006 ; Wang, 2005 ; Zhang, Zhang, A ; Yang, 2004 ) , and Korean contexts ( Joo, 2007 ; Lim, 2003 ; Park, 2007 ) . These surveies have indicated that the DLOQ has acceptable dependability estimations, and the seven-dimensional construction fits the empirical information moderately good ( Lien, Hung, Yang, A ; Li, 2006 ) . Yang et Al. ( 2004 ) performed a wide series of explorative and collateral factor analyses and determined that a decreased 21-item instrument is a superior measuring theoretical account to the original 43-item theoretical account. They suggested utilizing two versions of the instrument, one using 43 points as a practical diagno stic tool, and the shorter version with 21 measurement points for research intents, as the latter has superior psychometric belongingss ( Lien et al. , 2006 ; Yang et al. , 2004 ) . This survey used the 21-item instrument to turn to larning organisation patterns as the first portion of the amalgamate questionnaire ( see Appendix A ) . In the questionnaire, points 1-3 step uninterrupted acquisition ; points 4-6, enquiry and duologue ; points 7-9, coaction and squad acquisition ; points 10-12, creative activity of systems ; points 13-15, authorization of people ; points 16-18, connexion of the organisation ; and points 19-21, strategic leading. The original 6-point graduated table of the 21 points was converted to a five-point Likert-type graduated table, runing from Strongly Disagree ( 1 ) to Strongly Agree ( 5 ) for consistence across all points in the amalgamate questionnaire. Organizational Committedness Harmonizing to Mowday et Al. ( 1979 ) , the OCQ used a seven-point Likert-type graduated table and included 15 points in three primary constituents of the concept: ( 1 ) a willingness to exercise considerable attempt on behalf of the organisation ; 4 points, including 1 negatively phrased and change by reversal scored point ; ( 2 ) a strong belief in and credence of the organisation s ends and values ; 4 points, including 1 negatively phrased and change by reversal scored point ; and ( 3 ) a strong desire to keep rank in the organisation ; 7 points, including 4 negatively phrased and change by reversal scored points. Responses to each point in the OCQ used a seven-point graduated table with ground tackles labelled from Strongly Disagree ( 1 ) to Strongly Agree ( 7 ) . In several surveies, a nine-item short-form of the instrument utilizing merely positively worded points was administered ( Mowday et al. , 1979 ) . Consistent with Mowday et Al. ( 1979 ) , the amalgamate questionnai re of this survey used this nine-item short-form: 3 points from the constituent of willingness to exercise attempt on behalf of the organisation ; 3 points from the constituent of grade of end and value congruency with the organisation ; and 3 points from the constituent of desire to keep rank. Then, for fusion intents, the original 7-point graduated table of the 9 points was converted to a five-point Likert-type graduated table runing from Strongly Disagree ( 1 ) to Strongly Agree ( 5 ) . In the questionnaire ( see Appendix A ) , points numbered 22-24 step willingness to exercise attempt ; points numbered 25-27 step the grade of end and value congruency ; and points numbered 28-30 step the desire to keep rank. Organizational Effectiveness In this survey, Taylor and Bowers ( 1972 ) Survey of Organizations ( SOO ) instrument was used to mensurate the organisational effectivity of SMEs. The SOO is a machine-scored, standardised instrument developed since 1966 by the Organizationa l Development Research Program of the Institute for Social Research ( ISR ) at the University of Michigan ( Taylor A ; Bowers, 1972 ) . It is one of the most popular steps of organisational effectivity and dimensions in current research ( Cummings A ; Worley, 2005 ) . In the SOO, harmonizing to Taylor and Bowers ( 1972 ) , there are 20 indices in three spheres, including leading, organisational clime, and satisfaction. Eight indices exist under the leading sphere: ( 1 ) managerial support, ( 2 ) managerial end accent, ( 3 ) managerial work facilitation, ( 4 ) managerial interaction facilitation, ( 5 ) equal support, ( 6 ) equal end accent, ( 7 ) equal work facilitation, and ( 8 ) equal interaction facilitation. The following five indices are under the organisational clime sphere: ( 9 ) technological preparedness, ( 10 ) human resources primacy, ( 11 ) communicating flow, ( 12 ) motivational conditions, and ( 13 ) decision-making patterns. The concluding seven indices are under the sphere of satisfaction: ( 14 ) satisfaction with work group, ( 15 ) satisfaction with supervisor, ( 16 ) satisfaction with occupation, ( 17 ) satisfaction with organisation, ( 18 ) satisfaction with wage, ( 19 ) satisfaction with advancement now, and ( 20 ) satisfaction with future advancement ( Taylor A ; Bowers, 1972 ) . The phrasing of the points was intended to give a descriptive instead than an explicitly appraising appraisal of organisational features ( Wood, 1974 ) . A standard 5-point Likert-type graduated table response set was used in the SOO questionnaire, runing from Not at all ( 1 ) to To a really great extent ( 5 ) ( Taylor A ; Bowers, 1972 ) . In the amalgamate questionnaire ( see Appendix A ) , 8 leading subscales in organisational effectivity comprise points 31-38 ; 5 organisational clime subscales in organisational effectivity comprise points 39-43 ; and 7 satisfaction subscales in organisational effectivity comprise points 44-50. The 5-point graduated table response options for these points were applied to aline with the remainder of the questionnaire. Demographics Demographic features are variables that could impact larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity. Therefore, eight demographic points covering gender, age, instruction degree, primary duty, old ages of the endeavor in operation, figure of employees, incubated start-up, and outstanding award. The demographic points, numbered 51-58, were included in the questionnaire to qualify the varied position of larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity in SMEs. Questionnaire Scale In this survey, a 5-point Likert-type graduated table was used in the amalgamate questionnaire to supply a unimode design ( Dillman, 2007 ) , whereas the original instruments used three different graduated tables. Dillman ( 2007 ) pointed out that cut downing the figure of response classs may be more of import as research workers move towards greater usage of electronic mail and Web studies in which the desire to acquire all response picks onto one screen encourages surveyors to utilize fewer response picks. Therefore, the consequence of cut downing the graduated table from the original graduated table into a simplified graduated table ( five-point ) in the survey was positive because it increased the likeliness ( Schaefer A ; Dillman, 1998 ) that the participants would hold more involvement in reacting to the simplified graduated table questionnaire online. Further, holding different graduated tables for parts of a study could be confounding to respondents and could make some troub les in statistical analysis. Testing the scale dependability: The most of import thing is to look into the dependability and cogency of a graduated table before utilizing it in the survey. There are two elements that check the internal consistence and dependability of a graduated table and dependability coefficient is 0.50-0.60 to look into the dependability of a concept and its comparative index. The indexs that are as whole used for the measuring of each concept of larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness and organisational effectivity. We used the SSPS package for the informations entry of our responses and informations analysis to farther go on our survey. We did two types of analysis to look into the dependability and consistence of our graduated table. Reliability is the quality of measuring bespeaking the grade to which the step is consistent, that is, perennial measurings would give the same consequences. Consistency is a portion of dependability. For look intoing the dependability of our graduated table foremost of all we entered our responses which were in the signifier of 150 questionnaires to employees, but received 138 responses, but in which 20 questionnaire are faulty and after informations entry in SPSS package we compute the values of three variables, Learning organisation patterns, organisational committedness and organisational effectivity. Factor Analysis and Reliability trial: In SPSS package our work was in informations position, analyse, so informations decrease and travel for factor analysis in which we choose our first variable showed trying adequateness of.841 and significance of.00 which shows the goodness of our graduated table. Dependability Statisticss Cronbach s Alpha Cronbach s Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items .841 .865 3 Data Collection We used random trying for the aggregation of the informations.A sample of 150 was chosen at random from the mark population. The informations have been roll uping from the emerging market of the Faisalabad Pakistan. In this survey, of the 150 random selected samples, 108 responded from the targeted sample. The questionnaire was carefully designed but 20 questionnaires are faulty in their response and staying have non given their responses. Non faulty questionnaire responses mean that all the points in the questionnaire were completed carefully. Datas Analysis The research informations were collected to carry on informations analysis and compute statistics. And these statistics were including mean, standard divergence and eventually correlativity analysis was used to find the impact of the learning organisation patterns, organisation committedness and organisational effectivity. Consequences By analysis of the research informations utilizing statistics tools, we get consequences which show the relationship between larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness and organisational effectivity. Correlation values between.10 and.30 are referred to as hebdomad positive relationship, between.40 to.60 as moderate positive relationship and.70 and above every bit high positive relationship. Descriptive Statisticss Mean Std. Deviation Nitrogen Learning organisation patterns 4.23 .255 108 organisational committedness 4.09 .252 108 Correlations Learning organisation patterns organisational committedness Learning organisation patterns Pearson Correlation 1 .726 ( ** ) Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 organisational committedness Pearson Correlation .726 ( ** ) 1 Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 ** Correlation is important at the 0.01 degree ( 2-tailed ) . As shown in the table correlativity among the organisational patterns and the organisational committedness is 0.726 which have a strong positive relationship which runing from.70 or supra. Descriptive Statisticss Mean Std. Deviation Nitrogen Learning organisation patterns 4.23 .255 108 Organizational effectivity 3.05 .247 108 Correlations Learning organisation patterns Organizational effectivity Learning organisation patterns Pearson Correlation 1 .754 ( ** ) Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 Organizational effectivity Pearson Correlation .754 ( ** ) 1 Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 ** Correlation is important at the 0.01 degree ( 2-tailed ) . As shown in the table correlativity among the organisational patterns and the organisational committedness is 0.754 which have a strong positive relationship which runing from.70 or supra. Descriptive Statisticss Mean Std. Deviation Nitrogen Organizational committedness 4.09 .252 108 Organizational effectivity 3.05 .247 108 Correlations Organizational committedness Organizational effectivity Organizational committedness Pearson Correlation 1 .564 ( ** ) Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 Organizational effectivity Pearson Correlation .564 ( ** ) 1 Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 ** Correlation is important at the 0.01 degree ( 2-tailed ) . As shown in the table correlativity among the organisational patterns and the organisational committedness is 0.564 which have a moderate positive relationship which runing from.70 or supra. These consequences indicate that ( 1 ) The employee s willingness ( OC1 ) has a strong association with leading ( OE1 ) , which approves hypothesis 3a. ( 2 ) The employee s willingness ( OC1 ) has a strong association with organisational clime ( OE2 ) , which approves hypothesis 3b. ( 3 ) The employee s willingness ( OC1 ) has a strong association with satisfaction ( OE3 ) , which approves hypothesis 3c. ( 4 ) The grade of end and value congruency ( OC2 ) has a strong association with leading ( OE1 ) , which approves hypothesis 3d. ( 5 ) The grade of end and value congruency ( OC2 ) has a strong association with organisational clime ( OE2 ) , which approves hypothesis 3e. ( 6 ) The grade of end and value congruency ( OC2 ) has a strong association with satisfaction ( OE3 ) , which approves hypothesis 3f. ( 7 ) The employee s desire to keep rank ( OC3 ) has a strong association with leading ( OE1 ) , which approves hypothesis 3g. ( 8 ) The employee s desire to keep rank ( OC3 ) has a strong association with organisational clime ( OE2 ) , which approves hypothesis 3h. ( 9 ) The employee s desire to keep rank ( OC3 ) has a strong association with satisfaction ( OE3 ) , which approves hypothesis 3i. Based on the overall agencies and standard divergence calculated from questionnaire and the survey found the participant in the sample and given the highest mark to the learning organisation patterns and average overall mark to the organisational committedness and in the last the organisational effectivity. The correlativity between larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness and organisational effectivity are moderate to strong and the SMEs indicate that larning organisation patterns have the strong impact on the organisational committedness and organisational effectivity. Discussion In footings of gender, the results described that there were no gender differences in most of the dimensions of larning organisation patterns, but the two dimensions of coaction and squad acquisition and supplying strategic leading for larning in which males scored higher. This procedure demonstrated that both work forces and adult females pay equal attending to larning organisation patterns. Males may be given more attending than the females. In regard to age, people aged 50 or more than the 50 give the highest Markss and people who have aged 40 or more than 40 give the lowest Markss to larning organisation patterns dimensions. This tendency demonstrate that the oldest group have the healthiest comprehension of the believes to larn the aims of larning organisation patterns. In footings of instruction degree, in SMEs all the respondents holding higher instruction degree give the highest tonss. Merely two dimensions of larning organisation patterns, connect the organisation to its environment and empower people toward a corporate version holding no differences. In footings of the employee size variable, the large companies ever score higher than the smaller companies. Merely one dimension strategic leading in larning organisation patterns had no differences. This procedure demonstrated that the big companies have more chance to take part in the patterns of create systems, enquiry and duologue, connect to the environment, uninterrupted acquisition, coaction and squad acquisition, and empower people. The relationships for larning organisation patterns between organisational committedness and organisational effectivity have been studied in many surveies ( Ahmad A ; Bakar, 2003 ; Bartlett, 2001 ; Kontoghiorghes A ; Bryant, 2004 ) , in which all the empirical consequences have elaborated that larning organisation patterns can back up in bettering employee committedness and effectivity toward the organisation. Meanwhile, organisational committedness and effectivity motivated and eager to hike up employee towards motive in the workplace ( Cho A ; Kwon, 2005 ) . In position of the consequences of the old surveies on larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity, the relationships among the three constructs are equal ( Cho A ; Kwon, 2005 ) . The consequences from this survey demonstrate that larning organisation pattern had a strong impact on organisational committedness with a important positive way coefficient ; which represented that the relationship between larning organisation patterns and organisational committedness is equal, and a strong force was occurred from larning organisation patterns to organisational committedness. Therefore, the first hypothesis in this survey was supported. Similarly, larning organisation pattern had a strong impact on organisational effectivity with a moderate positive way coefficient. So, larning organisation patterns plays a cardinal function for cultivating the better committedness and effectivity in organisations. This survey has besides assimilated a new variable, organisational effectivity, in look intoing the relationships between larning organisation patterns an organisational committedness. SEM was utilized in this survey to look into the relationships among the three cardinal organisational variables in Pakistani contexts. The results from this survey propose that larning organisation patterns can be observed as important antecedent factor for organisational committedness, every bit good as an antecedent factor for organisational effectivity. It has a reasonably positive association with organisational effectivity and a strongly positive relation with organisational committedness. Furthermore, the relationship between organisational committedness and organisational effectivity is mutual but non equal. Organizational committedness has a reasonably positive influence on organisational effectivity ; nevertheless, organisational effectivity has a weak positive impact on organisational committedness. The result non merely gives a new way for organisational research on cardinal variables, but besides produces a important suggestion for organisational pattern: Tautening up larning organisation patterns is a wise manner to make organisational effectivity ; a st rong acquisition organisation patterns is good to better the organisational committedness ; and the well-developed organisational committedness is a benefit to further organisational effectivity. Recommendations for Future Research This survey provides the footing for future research to find links among larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity in order to better the apprehension of the function of larning organisation patterns in organisational success. First, in adding to the method among larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity, it is proposed that this research be carried on by utilizing different instrument methods, such as organisation development, invention, and public presentation, because there have been few survey with concern to the impacts of larning organisation patterns on these variables in Pakistani endeavor state of affairss, All of these tools would allow bookmans to research many appraisals of larning organisation patterns. Scholars have mentioned a multidimensional attack ( Rico, Sanchez-Manzanares, Gil, A ; Gibson 2008 ) to develop steps of these links. Second, there is a demand to find the differences among little and moderate-sized endeavors in different types of industries and ownership types, including high-tech houses, government-invested houses, joint ventures, and non-profit organisations. Finally, there is a demand to prove the research theoretical account utilizing multiple methodological analysiss, such as multivariate analysis of discrepancy, instance survey, and qualitative research, to analyze organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity, and to detect, perceive, or confirm consequences from this empirical survey. Decisions This empirical survey discovered nexus between larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity in Faisalabad Pakistan SME state of affairss. This survey produces many important consequences and parts to exert and research.Founded on the consequences that larning organisation pattern had a strong impact on organisational committedness and effectivity, and organisational committedness has a positive influence on organisational effectivity, it is determined that larning organisation patterns and organisational committedness are the positive confidences by which organisations eventually reach the achievement of organisational effectivity. Three chief results on these inquiries are termed as follows. First, larning organisation patterns can be looked at as an important case in point component for organisational committedness, every bit good as a case in point component for organisational effectivity, and organisational committedness has a positive influence on organisational effectivity in the scene of Pakistani little and moderate-sized endeavors. Second, based on the result that demographic characters and groups have diverse impacts on the three issues, it is decided that diverse gender did hold of import impacts on organisational committedness ; group aged 50 or more mark upper limit in the learning organisation patterns ; higher instruction wages to higher accepting of the value of acquisition, committedness, and effectivity ; assembly with cardinal duty in direction Markss maximum in all three dimensions ; endeavors process old ages over 10 indicate the maximal degree of organisational committedness and effectivi ty ; biggest companies ever mark higher than the smallest companies.

Engineering Challenges Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Engineering Challenges - Assignment Example Thus, this poses as great challenge to world since it is the world’s responsibility to liberate everybody so that they can achieve their full potential. To do so, the engineering aspect has to come in handy to provide a solution in this thorny issue. Water is available in large amounts underground. This water can only be made available by use of sophisticated equipment to drill the ground in some parts of the world that are rocky. Thus mechanical engineering comes in handy by providing these services. Further, mechanical engineers have come up with a machine that can be used to clean contaminated underground water. The machine cleans the water by hydrolysis hence removing impurities and salt that may have long term effects on the health status of the individuals. Furthermore to make the process affordable and sustainable, the mechanical engineering students from MIT have come up with a machine that uses solar energy to clean water that can be used by up to 5000 people in one village (Hoek and Ghosh, 40). Thus this cuts down on costs that could have been used to run big machines using electricity form the